See -els in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-els"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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},
{
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"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
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"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-eles"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-elis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-ils"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-les"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-lis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-lys"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Scots"
],
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A metathetic form of Proto-West Germanic *-islī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-els",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-els",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-else",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"head": "-els"
},
"expansion": "-els m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-els"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-els",
"2": "-elsas",
"3": "-els",
"4": "-elsas",
"5": "-elses",
"6": "-elsa",
"7": "-else",
"8": "-elsum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "guess, advice, riddle",
"text": "rǣdels",
"translation": "guess, advice, riddle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "incense, frankincense",
"text": "rēcels",
"translation": "incense, frankincense",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mark, sign, aim, marked spot",
"text": "miercels",
"translation": "mark, sign, aim, marked spot",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "covering, cloak, garment",
"text": "wǣfels",
"translation": "covering, cloak, garment",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "burial, sepulchre, tomb",
"text": "byrgels",
"translation": "burial, sepulchre, tomb",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--els-ang-suffix-Xn-cI1Mi",
"raw_glosses": [
"(masculine suffix for inanimate objects) suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"raw_tags": [
"for inanimate objects"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-else"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/els/"
},
{
"ipa": "[eɫs]"
}
],
"word": "-els"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-els"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-eles"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-elis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-ils"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-les"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-lis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-lys"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"lang": "(Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Scots"
],
"word": "-illis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-islī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-islī",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A metathetic form of Proto-West Germanic *-islī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-els",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-els",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-else",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elsum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"head": "-els"
},
"expansion": "-els m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-els"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-els",
"2": "-elsas",
"3": "-els",
"4": "-elsas",
"5": "-elses",
"6": "-elsa",
"7": "-else",
"8": "-elsum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine suffixes",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "guess, advice, riddle",
"text": "rǣdels",
"translation": "guess, advice, riddle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "incense, frankincense",
"text": "rēcels",
"translation": "incense, frankincense",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mark, sign, aim, marked spot",
"text": "miercels",
"translation": "mark, sign, aim, marked spot",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "covering, cloak, garment",
"text": "wǣfels",
"translation": "covering, cloak, garment",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "burial, sepulchre, tomb",
"text": "byrgels",
"translation": "burial, sepulchre, tomb",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(masculine suffix for inanimate objects) suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"raw_tags": [
"for inanimate objects"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/els/"
},
{
"ipa": "[eɫs]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-else"
}
],
"word": "-els"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -els meaning in Old English (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.